Trigonometry from MathWorld
The Sound of Trigonometry by Frank Wattenberg, Dept. of Math, U. of Montana
Eric Weisstein's Treasure Trove of Music
Scale
Equal Temperament
La Monte Young
Just Intonation Explained (that is scales defined by integer ratios)
Anatomy of an Octave "a table of more than 700 pitches within an octave"
List of Musical Modes Created by Manuel Op de Coul
Tuning by Ratios "this paper demonstrates that integer ratios of frequencies (such as 2:3, 5:4) are at the very heart of traditional Western tonality"
Pythagoras: Music and Space
"Pythagoras (6th C. B.C.) observed that when the blacksmith struck his anvil, different notes were produced according to the weight of the hammer.
Number (in this case "amount of weight") seemed to govern musical tone. . . . ."
Biography of Pythagoras at Technology Museum of Thessaloniki:
"Pythagoras, indeed, was the first to call the universe the "cosmos", meaning "the harmonious order of things". In his view numbers are the very essence of the cosmos, and not merely symbols of quantitative relations; and for this reason they are sacred."
Pythagoras' Contribution By I. M. Oderberg